To help teachers teach science through investigations, Seven Sides Publishing has provided a series of manuals for Elementary Science, Middle School Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth & Space Science and Environmental Systems. They all cover 100% of the National Standards for their respective classes. These manuals are a rich resource of simple hands-on labs. Each manual has at least 100 investigations in them. There is a shortage of user-friendly labs for science classes to use. Too many labs have too much busy information; this is not the case here. We have taken a lot of the traditional labs that have been around for decades, modified them to the National Standards, and simplified them, so they are easy to read and perform. Each section starts with a concept map that organizes vocabulary that speaks to your students giving visual clues to allow understanding and relationships of the vocabulary. Each section ends with a list of virtual investigations that complement those found in this book.