Lean Manufacturing is a management system that seeks to increase efficiency, improve quality and productivity, reducing errors and redundancies in industrial production. Over time, organizations from various sectors have used this methodology as a fundamental means to transform managerial realities, boost results, and make better use of human potential. Interest is growing, new techniques and experiences continue to be developed and shared, and this has allowed learning to be increasingly fast and effective. In this book, the history, influences, and fundamentals of this philosophy of Japanese origin were presented. In addition, a real case study of the application of the Lean Manufacturing methodology in a large pharmaceutical industry, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, was analyzed, with the analysis of indicators before and after the implementation. With this, a great improvement in the plant's performance was verified, therefore the study was extremely important for the understanding of the effectiveness that the implementation of Lean management can have in an industry.