The city of Bouak has an important health system. It has ten first contact health establishments for the management of episodes of morbidity in the population. Despite this advantage, these facilities are poorly used by the population. This book aims to highlight the factors that explain the low level of attendance at first contact health facilities in the city of Bouak. The methodological approach is based on a synthesis of the literature devoted to the Bouak health system and the technical facilities of health establishments. It is based on interviews with health administration officials and a questionnaire administered to heads of households in the Air-France, Ahougnanssou and Belleville neighborhoods. The results show that several factors are responsible for the low level of attendance at public health facilities. The financial situation of the head of household, the geographical location of the health facilities, and the poor reception of health workers are the major causes that push the populations of Bouak towards other therapeutic routes.