This book examines, in greater depth than the existing literature, the history of Islamic economic thought. It seeks to introduce Islamic views to debates surrounding critical economic concepts, such as scarcity, wealth, poverty, charity, usury, self-interest, rationality, and markets. It does so through a comparative analysis with the views of Judaic, Christian, and secular economic thought. "Prophecy" is meant to signify the theoretical dimension of religion, while "piety" represents its practical element; neither part is feasible without the other. Together, prophecy and piety inform the Islamic view of economic concepts and phenomena. This view seeks to adjust our approach to profits, both in this world and the next, and seeks to reexamine what is truly profitable and worthy of sacrifice.

Part I- Abundance and Scarcity 1. Abundance and Scarcity: Introduction2. Abundance and Scarcity: Greek Economic Thought 3. Abundance and Scarcity: Christian Economic Thought 4. Abundance and Scarcity: Classical Economic Thought5. Abundance and Scarcity: Neoclassical Economic Thought6. Critiques of the Scarcity Paradigm7. Abundance and Scarcity: Islamic Economic ThoughtPart II-Wealth and Poverty8. Wealth and Poverty: Introduction9. Wealth and Poverty: Greek Economic Thought10. Wealth and Poverty: Christian Economic Thought11. Wealth and Poverty: Classical Economic Thought12. Wealth and Poverty: Neoclassical Economic Thought and Its Critics13. Wealth and Poverty: Islamic Economic ThoughtPart III-Charity and Usury14. Charity and Usury: Introduction15. Charity: An Intellectual History16. Usury: An Intellectual History17. Charity and Usury: ReunifiedPart IV-Self-Interest and Rationality18. Self-Interest and Rationality: Introduction19. Self-Interest: An Intellectual History20. Self-Interest and Rationality: The Modern Connection21. Islam, Rationality, and Self-InterestPart V.-Utopias and Markets22. Utopias and Markets: Introduction 23. Utopias 24. The Market as Utopia: The 'Invisible Hand' Thesis25. Markets in Islam