"This important book examines the origins, content, development, and eclipse of the 'moral economy' in twentieth-century British thought. Richly contextualizing a tradition that sought to critique capitalism in moral terms, The Moral Economists should command attention from intellectual historians, historians of capitalism, and anyone interested in thinking outside the terms of economic discourse today."--Guy Ortolano, New York University

"The Moral Economists provides an original and provocative interpretation of the political thought of R. H. Tawney, Karl Polanyi, and E. P. Thompson. Rogan gives a close and illuminating reading of key texts by these authors, uncovers forgotten intellectual connections that link them together, and reveals a distinctive lineage of social criticism that deserves to be widely discussed. This is a highly impressive, thought-provoking, and timely work."--Ben Jackson, University of Oxford

A fresh look at how three important twentieth-century British thinkers viewed capitalism through a moral rather than material lens

What's wrong with capitalism? Answers to that question today focus on material inequality. Led by economists and conducted in utilitarian terms, the critique of capitalism in the twenty-first century is primarily concerned with disparities in income and wealth. It was not always so. The Moral Economists reconstructs another critical tradition, developed across the twentieth century in Britain, in which material deprivation was less important than moral or spiritual desolation.

Tim Rogan focuses on three of the twentieth century's most influential critics of capitalism-R. H. Tawney, Karl Polanyi, and E. P. Thompson. Making arguments about the relationships between economics and ethics in modernity, their works commanded wide readerships, shaped research agendas, and influenced public opinion. Rejecting the social philosophy of laissez-faire but fearing authoritarianism, these writers sought out forms of social solidarity closer than individualism admitted but freer than collectivism allowed. They discovered such solidarities while teaching economics, history, and literature to workers in the north of England and elsewhere. They wrote histories of capitalism to make these solidarities articulate. They used makeshift languages of "tradition" and "custom" to describe them until Thompson patented the idea of the "moral economy." Their program began as a way of theorizing everything economics left out, but in challenging utilitarian orthodoxy in economics from the outside, they anticipated the work of later innovators inside economics.

Examining the moral cornerstones of a twentieth-century critique of capitalism, The Moral Economists explains why this critique fell into disuse, and how it might be reformulated for the twenty-first century.